Ethical Considerations for Using Alternative Methods of Consent in Neonatal Clinical Trials: Recommendations from a Modified Delphi Consensus Process

Stephanie Kraft, Geisinger College of Health Sciences, South Orange, NJ, United States; Abigail Brickler, Geisinger, Andreas, PA, United States; Abril Beretta, Seattle Children’s Childrens Hospital, Miami, FL, United States; Kaashif Ahmad, Pediatrix Medical Group, Houston, TX, United States; Justin Clapp, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Neal W. Dickert, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Rebecca A.. Dorner, Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Newborns, San Diego, CA, United States; Elizabeth Field, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, United States; Katherine Guttmann, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Larchmont, NY, United States; Anup Katheria, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States; Andrea Kelsh, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Stephanie Kukora, Children's Mercy Bioethics Center, Kansas City, MO, United States; Diana Montoya-Williams, Childre's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Benjamin Mooso, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States; Muntasir Natour, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Laura Heck Ryan, Seattle Children's, Covington, WA, United States; Simran Sekhon, NA, KENT, WA, United States; Sandhya Subramanian, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States; Elliott Weiss, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States